These battles of Salamis and Plataea thus mark a turning point in the course of the Greco-Persian wars as a whole from then onward, the Greek poleis would take the offensive. The Persians made no further attempts to conquer the Greek mainland. However, the following year the remainder of the Persian army was decisively beaten at the Battle of Plataea and the Persian navy at the Battle of Mycale. Xerxes retreated to Asia with much of his army, leaving Mardonius to complete the conquest of Greece.
Seizing the opportunity, the Greek fleet formed in line and scored a decisive victory. In the cramped conditions of the Straits, the great Persian numbers were an active hindrance, as ships struggled to maneuver and became disorganized. As a result of subterfuge on the part of Themistocles (which included a message directly sent to Xerxes letting him know that much of the Greek fleet was stationed at Salamis), the Persian navy rowed into the Straits of Salamis and tried to block both entrances. Persian king Xerxes was also eager for a decisive battle. The Allies prepared to defend the Isthmus of Corinth while the fleet was withdrawn to nearby Salamis Island.Īlthough heavily outnumbered, the Greek Allies were persuaded by Athenian general Themistocles to bring the Persian fleet to battle again, in the hope that a victory would prevent naval operations against the Peloponnese. This allowed the Persians to conquer Phocis, Boeotia, Attica and Euboea. In the resulting Battle of Thermopylae, the rearguard of the Greek force was annihilated, while in the Battle of Artemisium the Greeks suffered heavy losses and retreated after the loss at Thermopylae.
To block the Persian advance, a small force of Greeks blocked the pass of Thermopylae, while an Athenian-dominated Allied navy engaged the Persian fleet in the nearby straits of Artemisium. The battle was fought in the straits between the mainland and Salamis, an island in the Saronic Gulf near Athens, and marked the high point of the second Persian invasion of Greece. It resulted in a decisive victory for the outnumbered Greeks. The Battle of Salamis ( / ˈ s æ l ə m ɪ s/ SAL-ə-miss) was a naval battle fought between an alliance of Greek city-states under Themistocles and the Persian Empire under King Xerxes in 480 BC.